What is molar incisor hypomineralisation? (MIH)
MIH is a condition generally affecting the first adult molar teeth and occasionally the incisor teeth. It is a developmental condition also known as ‘chalky teeth’. Hypomineralisation describes tooth enamel that is soft and porous rather than hard and shiny white. This condition occurs while the teeth are forming through the last trimester of pregnancy and first four years of life. MIH is extremely common affecting on average 16% of children worldwide (D3 Group) although some studies in Sydney, Australia have reported up to 44% of children affected by this condition (Balmer et al, 2005).
Children often complain that these teeth are sensitive to cold or touch; these teeth also decay very quickly.
Causes
The causes of MIH are unclear but can be linked to genetic factors, hypoxia (not enough oxygen), low birth weight, respiratory problems, premature birth and high fevers during infancy. Antibiotic use has also been suggested as a cause but it is difficult to distinguish if the antibiotic or the illness is responsible.
What are the treatment options?
Fissure sealants are a great way to help enhance the tooth surface and provide a barrier between the tooth and external bacteria but require consistent monitoring. Fillings and crowns can also be placed, depending on the amount of tooth structure left.
Sometimes, the best option for heavily broken down teeth are to remove them, this must be decided by the dental professional as timing is very important! Front teeth may require cosmetic treatment.
At Concord Dental Practice, we are able to detect, diagnose and provide you with treatment options for teeth affected by this condition.
Further information for both children and parents can be found on the following website: